'Oily’ describes a skin type with heightened sebum production all over the face, especially in the T and U zone

‘Oil Dry’ skin includes skin types that produce little sebum and lack a strong lipid barrier. Almost invisible pores. Note: Older skins that were oily in younger years can produce less oil in later life; however, their pores will still remain large

‘Combination’ skin consists of a mix of areas (high and low sebum production). The T & U Zone tends to manifest with symptoms of Oily Skin. The cheeks tend to manifest with symptoms of Dry Skin.

‘Sensitive’ refers to clients that are born with a predisposition to reactive skin with a weak or poor barrier function and will often experience a sensitised skin condition. The skin is often referred to as 'Atopic',and there is a history of Eczema, Asthma and Hay fever.

Mild swelling. Saggy or loose skin.

Can be accompanied with dark circles.

Skin tags are soft, fleshy bulbs or protuberances that are connected to the skin by a small 'stem'. They consist of a core of connective tissue fibres, nerve cells, fat cells, & a covering or epidermis & are usually flesh-coloured or slightly brownish.

The facial skin loses more elasticity & becomes elongated & saggy. The chin and jowls further lengthen as the skin’s fat dissipates and atrophy gains a stronghold.

Milia are commonly found on the skin of people of all ages. They appear as hard, white bumps about the size of a large grain of sand & feel like there is a small pebble right under the skinMilia are commonly found on the skin of people of all ages. They appear as hard, white bumps about the size of a large grain of sand & feel like there is a small pebble right under the skin.

When the skin isn’t hydrated enough, you might notice very fine, crepey lines that seem to come & go. Unlike wrinkles, dehydration lines are not permanent & can be dramatically reduced or eliminated with effective treatment & home care prescription.

Dynamic wrinkles tend to show up when the muscles are being contracted (smiling or frowning).

Static wrinkles remain visible even when the facial muscles are at rest. Over time, dynamic wrinkles can become static wrinkles.

Wrinkle folds manifest as a result of age-related sagging of facial structures. These manifest under the eye & between the nose & mouth (nasolabial fold).

Dull complexion. Little to no oil production. Areas of flaky patches & uneven texture. Can experience no improvement despite using creams & moisturizers. An unpleasant feeling of tightness & loss of elasticity. Prone to irritation & sensitisation.

Chapped lips or Cheilitis is where the lips themselves & the skin around the lips become red, sensitive, scaly & sometimes swollen.Chapped lips or Cheilitis is where the lips themselves & the skin around the lips become red, sensitive, scaly & sometimes swollen.

Closed comedones are non-infected, clogged pores that are not exposed to air. A thin layer of skin typically obstructs the follicle opening, keeping the sebaceous plug trapped below the surface.

Open comedones are also called blackheads due to their dark appearance. Their dark colour manifests as a result of surface pigment (melanin), rather than dirt. When melanin, found in the sebum, makes contact with the air at the top of the open comedones, it is oxidised, turning the blackhead a dark colour.

Enlarged pores can give the skin an orange-peel appearance. Mostly found on the T-Zone & cheek area but can also be found over the entire face in clients with genetically oily skin types or sun-damaged, aged skin (especially after menopause).

Rough to touch. Thick, greasy texture. Can experience no improvement despite using creams & moisturisers. Skin can appear congested.

Flat spots of discolouration that range in color, depending on skin tone & the depth of discolouration. It is more common in darker skin types. PIH tend to be temporary & goes away on its own. The more severe injury the more permanent the PIH. PIH often accompanies Acne & Atopic Dermatitis.

Melasma commonly occurs on the face & tends to manifest as bilateral, blotchy, pigmented patches over the cheeks, bridge of the nose, forehead, chin & above the upper lip.

Age Spots (liver spots or Solar lentigines) look like extra-large freckles that appear on the skin after repeated UV exposure. Solar/Actinic Keratosis (AKs) is a grouping of scaly or rough patches of skin that are often found on the face, scalp, forearms & hands. These can vary in colour from tan and pink to red.

Freckles or Ephelides are usually less than 3 mm in diameter. They are commonly found in fair-skinned people, particularly in children with red hair. Freckles are an inherited characteristic that occurs due to a specific gene called the MC1R.

Different pigments/colours (i.e., brown, blue-grey, red‐pink & blue) are responsible for under‐eye discolouration. This condition can also be accompanied by thinning of the delicate skin around the eye area, which makes visibility of the underlying dermal layers & vascularity more apparent. Different pigments/colours (i.e., brown, blue-grey, red‐pink & blue) are responsible for under‐eye discolouration. This condition can also be accompanied by thinning of the delicate skin around the eye area, which makes visibility of the underlying dermal layers & vascularity more apparent.

Rosacea is a chronic, vascular inflammatory skin disorder that commonly occurs on the nose, cheeks, forehead & chin. People may mistake rosacea for acne or eczema. Rosacea occurs more commonly on fair skin. It affects both men & women at any age but typically begins any time after age 30. With mild Rosacea or stage 1 'Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea, the appearance of telangiectasia is expected but not essential. Central facial swelling, stinging sensations, as well as roughness or scaling may also be present. A history of flushing alone is shared among clients presenting with Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea.

Telangiectasia (broken capillaries) is a condition in which are typically pink or red fine, threadlike lines that are visible on the skin. They generally measure between 1 & 3 millimetres (mm) in length & 0.5 to 1mm in diameter.

Commonly occur on the face, nose, chin & cheeks, where they may cause facial redness. The exact cause of telangiectases is often unclear, but several factors may contribute to their development, such as: genetics, chronic exposure to the sun or extreme temperatures, pregnancy: often applies large amounts of pressure on venules, menopause or taking birth control pills, ageing: ageing blood vessels can begin to weaken, Rosacea, Systemic lupus erythematosus, The use of corticosteroids or other specific medications.

Alcohol abuse.

A spider naevus is a type of telangiectasia. It has a red, central papule (the body of the spider) created from the feeding vessel with outward branches (the legs) radiating from the centre of the vessel, creating a spider-like appearance. 1-10 mm in diameter. Pressure on the lesion causes it to disappear.

Blanching is replaced by rapid refill from the central arteriole when pressure is released. Most common in fair skin at any age. Common on the face, neck, & upper chest. They are not to be confused with 'spider veins, which are blue-coloured venues arising on the thighs & lower legs & often associated with varicose veins. They form as a result of the failure of a tiny muscle restricting the size of the vessel which increases the flow through the vessel (the central papule) and results in the dilatation of surrounding vessels (the red lines).